This is a partial list of studies that directly demonstrate that computerized cognitive training can improve cognition. There are many other such studies; this list is a sampling.

Baker, Laura D., Mark A. Espeland, Rachel A. Whitmer, et al. 2025. “Structured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function: The US POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA, ahead of print, July 28. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.12923.
Attarha, Mouna, Ana Carolina de Figueiredo Pelegrino, Lydia Ouellet, Sarah-Jane Grant, Etienne de Villers-Sidani, and Thomas Van Vleet. 2025. “Bringing Executive Function Testing Online: Assessment Validation Study.” JMIR Formative Research 9 (1): e75687. https://doi.org/10.2196/75687.
Halloway, Shannon, Michael E. Schoeny, Zoe Arvanitakis, et al. 2025. “A Multidomain Trial for Cognition in Women with Cardiovascular Disease.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia 21 (6): e70285. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70285.
Fujita, Kosuke, Tetsuaki Kimura, Akiko Yamakawa, et al. 2025. “Genetic Background and Multidomain Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment.” Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 17 (1): 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01764-0.
Sharopov, Sadullo. 2025. “THE IMPACT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION ON POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS.” Modern Science and Research 4 (5). https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/87043.
Swerdlow, Neal R., Joyce Sprock, Francesca Li, et al. 2025. “Pharmacologic Augmentation of Computerized Auditory Training in Chronic Psychosis: Preliminary Findings From a Single-Site, Double-Blind Study.” Schizophrenia Bulletin, April 14, sbaf015. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf015.
Sutton, Emma, Jonathan Catling, Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, and Katrien Segaert. 2025. “Practice Makes Perfect, but to What End? Computerised Brain Training Has Limited Cognitive Benefits in Healthy Ageing.” Psychological Research 89 (2): 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7.
Li, Ting, Chang Yu, Feng Lv, et al. 2025. “The Effect of Perioperative Cognitive Training on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomised Trial.” Age and Ageing 54 (3): afaf020. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaf020.
Aksu, Serkan, Aprinda Indahlastari, Andrew O’Shea, et al. 2025. “Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Cognitive Training on Executive Functions in Healthy Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis from the ACT Trial.” GeroScience 47 (1): 1361–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01455-y.
Sugimoto, Taiki, Paul K Crane, Seo-Eun Choi, et al. 2025. “Multidomain Interventions for Preventing Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Secondary Analysis of the J-MINT: Multidomain Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes.” The Journal of Aging Research & Lifestyle 14 (January): 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarlif.2025.100016.
Uswatte, Gitendra, Edward Taub, Karlene Ball, et al. 2025. “Long COVID Brain Fog Treatment: An Early-Phase Randomized Controlled Trial of Constraint-Induced Cognitive Therapy Signals Go.” Rehabilitation Psychology, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000626.
Clark, Daniel O., Huiping Xu, Christy C. Tangney, et al. 2025. “Feasibility of Lifestyle Interventions for Cognition in Adults with Low Education.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia 21 (5): e70232. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70232.
Sugimoto, Taiki, Kazuaki Uchida, Kenji Sato, et al. 2025. “Factors Associated with Adherence to Tablet-Based Cognitive Training: J-MINT Study.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 11 (1): e70062. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70062.
Zahodne, Laura B, Katherine Miller, Chuxuan Sun, et al. 2025. “Perceived Control, Cognitive Training, and Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in the ACTIVE Study.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, gbaf086. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf086.
Dahne, Jennifer, Amy E. Wahlquist, Matthew J. Carpenter, et al. 2025. “A Digital Depression Treatment Program for Adults Treated in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA Internal Medicine, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0494.
Heffner, Kathi L, Hugh F Crean, Autumn M Gallegos, et al. 2025. “Speed of Processing Training for Stress Adaptation in Caregivers of a Family Member with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Innovation in Aging, igaf033. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf033.
Saperstein, Alice M, Ryan Brennan, Min Qian, Daniel C Javitt, and Alice Medalia. 2025. “Impact of Early Auditory Processing on Negative Symptom Response to Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia.” Schizophrenia Bulletin, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf017.
Brodaty, Henry, Tiffany Chau, Megan Heffernan, et al. 2025. “An Online Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline in At-Risk Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Nature Medicine, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03351-6.
Carvalho, Cíntia Monteiro, Bruno Costa Poltronieri, Karin Reuwsaat, Maria Eduarda Alves Reis, and Rogerio Panizzutti. 2025. “Digital Cognitive Training for Functionality in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.” GeroScience, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01464-x.
Charvet, Leigh, Judith D. Goldberg, Xiaochun Li, et al. 2025. “Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Paired with Cognitive Training to Reduce Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.” Scientific Reports 15 (1): 4551. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88255-2.
Huynh, Katharine, Sharna D. Jamadar, Amit Lampit, M. Navyaan Siddiqui, Julie C. Stout, and Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis. 2025. “Feasibility and Effects of Cognitive Training on Cognition and Psychosocial Function in Huntington’s Disease: A Randomised Pilot Trial.” Journal of Neurology 272 (2): 159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12855-7.
Salisbury, Dereck L., F. Vankee Lin, and Fang Yu. 2025. “Testing the iMplementation Framework fOr Behavioral and LIfestyLe Interventions in AlZheimer’s DiseasE (MOBILIZE) via the ACT Randomized Controlled Trial.” Scientific Reports 15 (1): 5341. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88890-9.
Figueiredo Pelegrino, Ana de, Mouna Attarha, Paule-Joanne Toussaint, et al. 2025. “Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Is Associated with Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults: Baseline Characteristics of the Improving Neurological Health in Aging via Neuroplasticity-Based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE) Trial.” NeuroImage: Reports 5 (1): 100234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100234.
Aghamoosa, Stephanie, James Lopez, Katrina Rbeiz, et al. 2024. “A Phase I Trial of Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst rTMS for Amnestic MCI.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 95 (11): 1036–45. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2023-332680.
Jung, Miyeon, Asa B. Smith, Bruno Giordani, et al. 2024. “Computerized Cognitive Training and 24-Month Mortality in Heart Failure.” Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 39 (2): E51. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000001023.
Vance, David E., Andres Azuero, Michael Vinikoor, et al. 2024. “Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability as an Outcome or Moderator of Speed of Processing Training in Aging Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Secondary Data Analysis of a 2-Year Longitudinal Randomized Clinical Trial.” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, February 27, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100012.
Kraft, Jessica N., Aprinda Indahlastari, Emanuel M. Boutzoukas, et al. 2024. “The Impact of a tDCS and Cognitive Training Intervention on Task-Based Functional Connectivity.” GeroScience, ahead of print, January 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01077-4.
Fan, Meixiang, Qingfeng Li, Tingting Yang, et al. 2024. “Effect of Multimodal Intervention in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Shanghai.” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Preprint (Preprint): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-231370.
Milič Kavčič, Zdenka, Voyko Kavcic, Bruno Giordani, and Uros Marusic. 2024. “Computerized Cognitive Training in the Older Workforce: Effects on Cognition, Life Satisfaction, and Productivity.” Applied Sciences 14 (15): 6470. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156470.
Ruiz-Yu, Bernalyn, Thanh P. Le, Joseph Ventura, Armen Arevian, Gerhard S. Hellemann, and Keith H. Nuechterlein. 2024. “Exercise Behaviours and Motivation after a First Psychotic Episode: A Digital Intervention.” Early Intervention in Psychiatry 18 (10): 805–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13518.
Areklett, E. W., B. I. Hagen, J. Stubberud, E. Fagereng, S. Andersson, and K. Lindemann. 2024. “Digital Goal Management Training for Cognitive Impairment in Cervical Cancer Survivors—a Randomized Comparison Study.” Journal of Cancer Survivorship, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-024-01701-4.
Aksu, Serkan, Aprinda Indahlastari, Andrew O’Shea, et al. 2024. “Facilitation of Working Memory Capacity by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Secondary Analysis from the Augmenting Cognitive Training in Older Adults (ACT) Study.” GeroScience 46 (5): 4075–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0.
Merzbach, Viviane, Matthew Jewiss, Adrian Scruton, and Dan Gordon. 2024. “The Effects of Prescribed Physical and Cognitive Exercise on Life Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy and Mood States in Adults with Down Syndrome: The MinDSets Study.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21 (5): 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050610.
Lee, Pai-Lin, Chih-Kun Huang, Yi-Yi Chen, et al. 2024. “Enhancing Cognitive Function in Older Adults through Processing Speed Training: Implications for Cognitive Health Awareness.” Healthcare 12 (5): 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050532.
Lee, Hyun Kyu, Chandramallika Basak, Sarah-Jane Grant, et al. 2024. “The Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance and Biomarkers of Structural Brain Aging.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, gbae075. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae075.
Hausman, Hanna K., Gene E. Alexander, Ronald Cohen, et al. 2024. “tDCS Reduces Depression and State Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults from the Augmenting Cognitive Training in Older Adults Study (ACT).” Brain Stimulation, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.021.
Hardcastle, Cheshire, Jessica N. Kraft, Hanna K. Hausman, et al. 2024. “Learning Ratio Performance on a Brief Visual Learning and Memory Test Moderates Cognitive Training Gains in Double Decision Task in Healthy Older Adults.” GeroScience, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01115-1.
Funghi, Giulia, Claudia Meli, Arianna Cavagna, et al. 2024. “The Social and Cognitive Online Training (SCOT) Project: A Digital Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Socio-Cognitive Well-Being in Older Adults.” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 122: 105405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2024.105405.
Fiszdon, Joanna M., Kaicheng Wang, Karen Lê, Lori Parente, and Jimmy Choi. 2024. “Efficacy of Cognitive Training on Cognition, Symptoms and Functioning: Impact of Motivation and Attendance.” Schizophrenia Research: Cognition 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2024.100313.
Muccio, Marco, Giuseppina Pilloni, Lillian Walton Masters, et al. 2024. “Simultaneous and Cumulative Effects of tDCS on Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen in Multiple Sclerosis.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1418647.
Vance, David E., Pariya L. Fazeli, Andres Azuero, et al. 2024. “A 2-Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training in Aging Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Results of the Think Fast Study.” AIDS and Behavior 28 (10): 3300–3314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04409-9.
Woodruff, Erica, Bruno Costa Poltronieri, Luisa Pedrosa de Albuquerque Sousa, et al. 2024. “Effects of Bottom-up versus Top-down Digital Cognitive Training in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 127: 105552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2024.105552.
Liu, Chia-Lun, Shou-Hsien Huang, Wei-Chun Wang, Chih-Kuang Chen, Ken-Hsien Su, and Ching-Yi Wu. 2024. “Characterizing Two Hybrid Exercise-Cognitive Training Interventions with Neurophysiological and Behavioral Indexes in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 32: 3913–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3482328.
Miley, Kathleen, Michael V. Bronstein, Sisi Ma, et al. 2024. “Trajectories and Predictors of Response to Social Cognition Training in People with Schizophrenia: A Proof-of-Concept Machine Learning Study.” Schizophrenia Research 266: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.027.
Molina, Juan L., Yash B. Joshi, John A. Nungaray, et al. 2024. “Early Auditory Processing Abnormalities Alter Individual Learning Trajectories and Sensitivity to Computerized Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia.” Psychological Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000783.
Harvey, Philip D., Courtney Dowell-Esquivel, Justin E. Macchiarelli, Alejandro Martinez, Peter Kallestrup, and Sara J. Czaja. 2024. “Early Prediction of Mastery of a Computerized Functional Skills Training Program in Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment.” International Psychogeriatrics, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610224000115.
Macchiarelli, Justin E, Courtney Dowell-Esquivel, Alejandro Martinez, et al. 2024. “Association of Racial Status and Training Language with Baseline Performance and Training Gains During Computerized Training of Technology-Related Everyday Functional Skills In Older Adults.” The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Open Science, Education, and Practice, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osep.2024.07.004.
Eaton, Andrew D., Jenny Hui, Marvelous Muchenje, et al. 2024. “Adapting Cognitive Remediation Group Therapy Online: Focus Groups with People Aging with HIV.” Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259582241242703.
Oki, Yutaro, Tohmi Osaki, Ryoko Kumagai, et al. 2024. “An 18-Month Multimodal Intervention Trial for Preventing Dementia: J-MINT PRIME Tamba.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia 20 (10): 6972–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14170.
Agnoli, Sam, Henry Mahncke, Sarah-Jane Grant, et al. 2024. “Negative Global Metacognitive Biases Are Associated with Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Improve with Targeted or Game-Based Cognitive Training.” Neuropsychology 38 (7): 622–36. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000967.